Your hardware fingerprint is not one number — it is a set of identifiers, each tied to a specific component. So upgrading a PC changes your HWID unevenly: some swaps shift it dramatically, others not at all.
Motherboard — the biggest change
The motherboard carries the firmware identifiers anti-cheats value most: the SMBIOS UUID and the BIOS serial. Replace the motherboard and those change completely. Of all upgrades, a new motherboard moves a hardware fingerprint the most — which is also why a motherboard swap can break HWID-based Windows activation.
Storage drive — disk identifiers change
A new SSD or hard drive brings its own firmware serial, and when you install Windows on it the volume serials are freshly assigned. Anti-cheats that fingerprint by disk will see a new value.
Network card — new MAC
Each network adapter has its own MAC address. Add or replace a network card — or a Wi-Fi module — and that MAC enters the picture. Note that the addresses of your other, unchanged adapters stay the same.
GPU — a new GPU identifier
A new graphics card has its own identifiers. Anti-cheats that read GPU data will notice, though the GPU is usually one signal among many rather than the anchor of a fingerprint.
CPU and RAM
A new CPU changes CPU-level identifiers. RAM is the odd one out: ordinary memory modules are not meaningfully identifying, so adding or swapping RAM generally does not move a hardware fingerprint.
The takeaway
If you want to know how much an upgrade shifts your HWID, look at which component you are touching. The motherboard moves it most — it holds the firmware identifiers — while RAM moves it least. Everything else sits in between.